Victor Reinz


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Operating temperatures for engine oil seals (see Fig. 14.11 and cross-section of lip seal with garter spring in Fig. 14.22) vary widely, depending on engine design and location within the engine. Typically, the rear crankshaft seal is subjected to much higher temperatures than the front seal. Oil sump temperatures vary considerably, depending on provisions for oil cooling. This allows use of hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), silicone, or acrylic elastomers for some seals in relatively low-temperature environments (120–140°C or 250–284°F). Standard fluoroelastomers (FKM), bisphenol-cured VDF/HFP/TFE terpolymers with 68–69% fluorine content, perform well in oil service up to about 160°C (320°F). More resistant fluoroelastomers are necessary for reliable long-term performance in more severe environments.
③ Lip type code
Regular inspection and maintenance of spark plugs are essential to identify signs of wear, fouling, or deterioration. Proper replacement of worn or fouled spark plugs, including the transition to iridium spark plugs where applicable, is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and reliability of the vehicle's ignition system. Adhering to recommended service intervals and using high-quality replacement components are essential for optimizing the performance and longevity of the vehicle's engine.