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Operating temperatures for engine oil seals (see Fig. 14.11 and cross-section of lip seal with garter spring in Fig. 14.22) vary widely, depending on engine design and location within the engine. Typically, the rear crankshaft seal is subjected to much higher temperatures than the front seal. Oil sump temperatures vary considerably, depending on provisions for oil cooling. This allows use of hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), silicone, or acrylic elastomers for some seals in relatively low-temperature environments (120–140°C or 250–284°F). Standard fluoroelastomers (FKM), bisphenol-cured VDF/HFP/TFE terpolymers with 68–69% fluorine content, perform well in oil service up to about 160°C (320°F). More resistant fluoroelastomers are necessary for reliable long-term performance in more severe environments.
3. Shaft and housing design
Oil seals are widely used as sealing devices for machines.
JTEKT's oil seals are described in our catalog, Oil Seals & O-Rings.
However, the catalog uses a large number of technical terms and is very long, so many people seem to have trouble handling it.
Therefore, this series of columns will summarize the following in order:
• The structure, functions, and types of oil seals
• How to select the right oil seal
• Handling of seals, and causes and countermeasures for oil seal failure
ELASTOMER MATERIAL + PTFE – THE PERFECT COMBINATION
Viton®
High level of chemical resistance
High temperature resistance
If the seal is being fitted to original equipment you may have some influence over the shaft and housing bore finish, but if you are replacing a worn seal you still need to take into account the condition of these 2 essential parts.
0.1 to 0.32 μmRa and 0.8 to 2.5 μmRz
and the lead angle to no greater than 0.05°. (There is a risk that the lead marks will impede the sealing performance of the oil seal: see Figure 5.)
Even though it’s better than other materials in terms of toughness and wear time, it is preferably used in dry-running applications. The salient demerit of this material is its cost.
Metal case The metal case provides rigidity to the seal, helping it settle on the housing securely. It also ensures easy seal handling and mounting.
Applications of Oil Seals


Spring
4. Example of the applications of seals
The range of uses of peroxydically cross-linked EPDM includes in hot water and steam seals. EPDM is also very resistant to ageing and ozone. Compared with the usual types of synthesis natural rubber it has good resistance to cold temperatures. EPDM is not resistant to aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons or mineral oil products. Resistance to chemicals, and also to oxidising agents, is very good. Temperature range from -50 °C to +140 °C depending on type.